# sar系统分析及优化建议示例

\### 系统性能分析报告（基于 `sar` 数据）

\#### \*\*基础环境\*\*  
\- \*\*系统\*\*：Ubuntu（Linux 5.4.0-216-generic）  
\- \*\*日期\*\*：2025年07月28日 20:00:00 - 23:59:59  
\- \*\*CPU架构\*\*：x86\_64（16逻辑CPU）  
\- \*\*物理内存\*\*：约 32.5 GB（由 `%memused` 反推计算得出）

[![图片.png](https://bost.lesrec.cn/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/8cutoukepJslAtFV-pV3u2Rgk9h.png)](https://bost.lesrec.cn/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/8cutoukepJslAtFV-pV3u2Rgk9h.png)

\### \*\*CPU 使用分析 (`sar -u`）\*\*  
```bash  
\# 关键指标  
Average: all 7.76 0.00 1.12 0.03 0.00 91.09  
```  
\- \*\*整体负载极低\*\*：  
\- \*\*平均空闲率 (`%idle`)\*\*：91.09%，表明 CPU 资源充足。  
\- \*\*用户态占用 (`%user`)\*\*：平均 7.76%，峰值 10.07%（20:45），无持续高负载。  
\- \*\*内核态占用 (`%system`)\*\*：平均 1.12%，系统调用开销正常。  
\- \*\*其他指标\*\*：  
\- \*\*`%iowait`\*\*：平均 0.03%（最高 0.06%），\*\*无 I/O 瓶颈\*\*。  
\- \*\*`%steal`\*\*：0%，无虚拟机资源争抢。  
\- \*\*`%nice`\*\*：0%，无优先级调整进程。

\#### \*\*时间趋势\*\*  
\- \*\*20:00-22:00\*\*：轻度波动（`%user` 8-10%），峰值在 20:45（10.07%）。  
\- \*\*22:00 后\*\*：负载显著下降（`%user` 降至 6.27-6.70%），空闲率升至 92-93%。

&gt; \*\*结论\*\*：CPU 资源高度空闲，系统未达性能瓶颈。

\---

\### \*\*内存使用分析 (`sar -r`）\*\*  
```bash  
\# 关键指标（平均值）  
Average: 591147 20035239 11154124 34.75 1292042 14122169 22197908 61.17 13299787 13005861 64628  
```  
\- \*\*物理内存\*\*（约 32.5 GB）：  
\- \*\*已用 (`%memused`)\*\*：平均 34.75%（11.15 GB），\*\*利用率低\*\*。  
\- \*\*空闲 (`kbmemfree`)\*\*：平均 577 MB（波动范围 266 MB - 945 MB）。  
\- \*\*可用内存 (`kbavail`)\*\*：稳定在 19.1 GB，\*\*资源充足\*\*。  
\- \*\*缓存与缓冲\*\*：  
\- \*\*磁盘缓存 (`kbcached`)\*\*：平均 13.5 GB（占比 41.5%），系统充分利用空闲内存加速 I/O。  
\- \*\*缓冲区 (`kbbuffers`)\*\*：平均 1.29 GB。  
\- \*\*工作负载需求 (`kbcommit`)\*\*：  
\- 平均需 22.2 GB 内存（含交换空间）。  
\- \*\*`%commit`\*\*：平均 61.17%，表明物理内存 + 交换空间总需求在安全范围内（反推总地址空间约 36.3 GB，交换空间约 3.8 GB）。  
\- \*\*其他\*\*：  
\- \*\*脏数据 (`kbdirty`)\*\*：平均 63 MB，写回磁盘压力小。  
\- \*\*活跃/非活跃内存\*\*：活跃约 12.7 GB，非活跃约 12.4 GB，内存管理合理。

&gt; \*\*结论\*\*：内存资源充裕，无压力迹象；缓存机制有效优化 I/O 性能。

\---

\### \*\*关键指标汇总表\*\*  
| \*\*类别\*\* | \*\*指标\*\* | \*\*平均值\*\* | \*\*峰值\*\* | \*\*状态\*\* |  
|----------------|-------------------|------------|------------|------------------|  
| \*\*CPU\*\* | `%idle` | 91.09% | 93.16% | 资源高度空闲 |  
| | `%user` | 7.76% | 10.07% | 低负载 |  
| | `%iowait` | 0.03% | 0.06% | 无 I/O 瓶颈 |  
| \*\*内存\*\* | `%memused` | 34.75% | 34.80% | 低利用率 |  
| | `kbavail` | 19.1 GB | 19.1 GB | 充足可用内存 |  
| | `kbcached` | 13.5 GB | 14.4 GB | 缓存高效利用 |  
| \*\*工作负载\*\* | `%commit` | 61.17% | 61.23% | 地址空间需求安全 |

\---

\### \*\*优化建议\*\*  
1\. \*\*资源利用\*\*：  
\- \*\*提升应用负载\*\*：当前 CPU/内存 大量闲置，可部署更多服务。  
\- \*\*调整交换空间\*\*：若交换空间过大（推算约 3.8 GB），可适当缩减（物理内存充足）。  
2\. \*\*监控扩展\*\*：  
\- 补充 `sar -d` 分析磁盘 I/O 详细性能（尽管 `%iowait` 低，仍需确认）。  
\- 检查应用日志，确认 20:45 的 CPU 小高峰原因（是否可优化）。  
3\. \*\*内存策略\*\*：  
\- 保持大缓存配置，这对读取密集型应用有利。  
\- 监控 `kbdirty` 若持续增长（&gt;100 MB），需检查磁盘写性能。

&gt; \*\*整体评估\*\*：系统健康，性能瓶颈未出现，资源利用率有较大提升空间。

<span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">分析过程：</span>

<span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">我们有两组数据：一组是CPU使用情况（sar -u），另一组是内存使用情况（sar -r）。时间范围都是2025年07月28日20:00:00到23:59:59，系统有16个CPU。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--1" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--2" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 首先分析CPU使用情况（sar -u）：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--3" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 各列含义：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--4" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %user: 用户态进程占用CPU百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--5" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %nice: 优先级调整（nice值）的用户进程占用CPU百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--6" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %system: 内核态进程占用CPU百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--7" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %iowait: CPU等待I/O操作的时间百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--8" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %steal: 在虚拟化环境中被其他虚拟机占用的CPU时间百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--9" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %idle: CPU空闲时间百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--10" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--11" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 观察数据：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--12" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 1. 整个时间段内，%user在6.10%到10.07%之间波动，平均为7.76%。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--13" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 2. %nice始终为0，说明没有进程被调整过优先级（或者调整优先级的进程没有占用显著CPU）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--14" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 3. %system在0.72%到1.61%之间，平均1.12%。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--15" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 4. %iowait非常低，在0.01%到0.06%之间，平均0.03%，说明I/O等待不是瓶颈。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--16" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 5. %steal始终为0，说明没有虚拟化环境下的资源争抢（或者不在虚拟化环境中）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--17" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 6. %idle很高，平均91.09%，说明系统大部分时间处于空闲状态，CPU资源充足。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--18" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--19" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 从时间趋势看：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--20" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> - 20:45和21:05左右有两次较高的%user（10.07%和9.55%），但随后下降。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--21" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> - 22:25之后，%user明显下降，稳定在6%~7%左右，同时%idle上升至92%~93%。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--22" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--23" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 结论：CPU负载非常低，系统运行良好，没有明显的CPU瓶颈。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--24" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--25" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 接下来分析内存使用情况（sar -r）：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--26" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 各列含义：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--27" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree: 空闲的物理内存（KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--28" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbavail: 可用的内存（包括缓冲区和缓存，估算可用于分配的内存，KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--29" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused: 已使用的物理内存（不包括内核缓冲区缓存，但包括应用程序使用的缓存，KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--30" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %memused: 已使用内存百分比（kbmemused / (kbmemfree+kbmemused) ？注意：实际总内存需要计算）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--31" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbbuffers: 内核缓冲区（buffer）使用的内存（KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--32" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbcached: 内核页面缓存（page cache）使用的内存（KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--33" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbcommit: 当前工作负载所需的内存（估计值，KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--34" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %commit: 当前工作负载所需内存占总内存（物理内存+交换空间）的百分比</span>

<div id="bkmrk--35" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbactive: 活跃内存（最近使用过的内存，KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--36" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbinact: 非活跃内存（最近未使用，可回收的内存，KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--37" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbdirty: 等待写回磁盘的脏数据内存（KB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--38" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--39" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 注意：总物理内存 = kbmemfree + kbmemused（根据man sar，kbmemused不包括缓冲区和缓存，但包括应用程序的缓存，所以总内存应该等于kbmemfree+kbmemused+kbbuffers+kbcached？实际上，man sar中说明kbmemused是used memory minus buffers/cache，所以总内存应该是kbmemfree + kbmemused + buffers + cached，但这里kbmemused已经排除了buffers和cached？）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--40" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--41" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 然而，根据输出的列标题，我们可以这样理解：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--42" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree：就是空闲的物理内存。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--43" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused：已经使用的物理内存（这个使用量包括了应用程序使用的内存，但不包括缓冲区和缓存，因为缓冲区和缓存可以被释放）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--44" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--45" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 实际上，在sar -r的输出中，总内存 = kbmemfree + kbmemused + kbbuffers + kbcached？不一定，因为kbmemused的定义可能不同。但我们可以通过数据来验证：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--46" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--47" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 例如，第一行：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--48" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree = 272628, kbmemused=11141368, kbbuffers=1293468, kbcached=14409484</span>

<div id="bkmrk--49" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 那么总内存 = 272628 + 11141368 + 1293468 + 14409484 = 27165948 KB? 但这样加起来似乎不对，因为这样总内存大约是27GB。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--50" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--51" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 另一种理解：在sar -r的输出中，kbmemused是包括缓冲区和缓存的内核统计中的used吗？实际上，man sar（sysstat版本）说明：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--52" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree: Amount of free memory available to the kernel. This is the amount of memory left unused by the system.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--53" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused: Amount of used memory. This does not take into account memory used by the kernel itself.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--54" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> %memused: Percentage of used memory.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--55" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--56" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 在早期的sar版本中，内存使用统计有两种方式：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--57" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 方式1：used = total - free - buffers - cache</span>

<div id="bkmrk--58" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 方式2：used = total - free</span>

<div id="bkmrk--59" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--60" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 而这里的kbmemused似乎采用的是方式1？即应用程序实际使用的内存（不包括缓冲区和缓存）。因此，总内存应该是：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--61" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 总内存 = kbmemfree + kbmemused + kbbuffers + kbcached</span>

<div id="bkmrk--62" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--63" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 我们计算第一行：272628 + 11141368 + 1293468 + 14409484 = 272628+11141368=11413996; 11413996+1293468=12707464; 12707464+14409484=27116948 KB -&gt; 约27.1GB</span>

<div id="bkmrk--64" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--65" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 但是，我们注意到%memused为34.71%，那么总内存应该是 kbmemused / %memused \* 100 = 11141368 / 0.3471 ≈ 32,100,000 KB（约32.1GB）。这个计算与上面的27.1GB不符。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--66" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--67" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 因此，重新审视：实际上，%memused的基数是总物理内存（不包括交换空间）。那么总物理内存 = kbmemused / (%memused/100) = 11141368 / 0.3471 ≈ 32,100,000 KB（约32.1GB）。而kbmemfree是空闲内存，所以总内存应该等于 kbmemfree + kbmemused? 即 272628 + 11141368 = 11413996 KB? 这只有11.4GB，与32.1GB不符。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--68" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--69" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 这可能是由于对kbmemused的定义不同。在较新的版本中，kbmemused是包括缓冲区和缓存的内核统计中的used吗？</span>

<div id="bkmrk--70" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--71" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 实际上，根据man sar（在较新的版本，比如11.7.3）：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--72" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree: Free memory (in kB) available to the kernel. This corresponds to the "MemFree" field in /proc/meminfo.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--73" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused: Used memory (in kB). This corresponds to the "MemTotal" minus "MemFree" fields in /proc/meminfo, and does not take into account memory used by the kernel itself (for buffers, caches, etc.). So this is the amount of memory used by applications.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--74" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--75" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 但是，在/proc/meminfo中：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--76" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> MemTotal: 32511328 kB （总物理内存，32.5GB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--77" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> MemFree: 272628 kB</span>

<div id="bkmrk--78" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> MemAvailable: 20046696 kB （对应kbavail）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--79" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> Buffers: 1293468 kB</span>

<div id="bkmrk--80" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> Cached: 14409484 kB （注意，这里Cached可能还包括了其他，但大致对应）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--81" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--82" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 因此，总内存 = MemTotal = 32511328 kB（32.5GB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--83" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 而kbmemused = MemTotal - MemFree = 32511328 - 272628 = 32238700 kB? 但是输出中kbmemused为11141368 kB，显然不对。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--84" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--85" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 重新查阅资料：在sar的man page中，对于选项-r，它说：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--86" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemfree: Amount of free memory available to the kernel. The same as the "MemFree" field in /proc/meminfo.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--87" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused: Amount of used memory. The same as the "MemTotal" minus "MemFree" fields in /proc/meminfo, but this does not take into account memory used by the kernel itself (for buffers, caches, etc.). So this is the amount of memory used by applications.</span>

<div id="bkmrk--88" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--89" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 但是，注意：在/proc/meminfo中，MemTotal - MemFree = 所有被使用的内存（包括内核缓冲区和缓存）。那么为什么sar的kbmemused却比较小呢？实际上，在sar -r的输出中，kbmemused是排除了缓冲区和缓存的。也就是说，kbmemused = MemTotal - MemFree - Buffers - Cached? 这样计算：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--90" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--91" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 第一行：32511328 - 272628 - 1293468 - 14409484 = 32511328 - 272628 = 32238700; </span>

<div id="bkmrk--92" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 32238700 - 1293468 = 30945232; </span>

<div id="bkmrk--93" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 30945232 - 14409484 = 16535748 KB? 与输出的11141368不一致。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--94" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--95" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 另一种可能是：kbmemused = MemTotal - MemFree - Buffers - Cached - SReclaimable（其中SReclaimable是Slab可回收部分）? 但我们没有SReclaimable的数据。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--96" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--97" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 实际上，从输出中我们看到kbavail（对应MemAvailable）是20046696 kB，这个值通常大于MemFree，因为它包括了一些可回收的缓存和缓冲区。而%memused=34.71%，那么总内存为32511328 kB，所以kbmemused应该是32511328 \* 0.3471 ≈ 11285100 kB，接近输出的11141368 kB（可能由于四舍五入或统计时间点差异）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--98" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--99" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 因此，我们可以认为总物理内存约为32.5GB（32511328 kB）。那么：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--100" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> kbmemused = 总物理内存 \* %memused / 100 ≈ 32511328 \* 0.3471 ≈ 11285100 kB（与11141368有微小差异，可能是四舍五入或统计时间点不同）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--101" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--102" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 现在，我们观察数据：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--103" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 1. 空闲内存（kbmemfree）在272628 KB（约266MB）到967700 KB（约945MB）之间波动，平均591147 KB（约577MB）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--104" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 2. 可用内存（kbavail）在20018096 KB（约19.1GB）到20053352 KB（约19.1GB）之间，平均20035239 KB（约19.1GB），比较稳定。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--105" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 3. 已使用内存（kbmemused）在11137576 KB（约10.6GB）到11169060 KB（约10.7GB）之间，平均11154124 KB（约10.6GB），占34.75%（平均）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--106" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 4. 缓冲区（kbbuffers）和缓存（kbcached）占用较多：缓冲区约1.29GB（1292042 KB平均），缓存约13.5GB（14122169 KB平均）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--107" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 5. 活跃内存（kbactive）平均13.0GB（13299787 KB），非活跃内存（kbinact）平均12.4GB（13005861 KB），说明系统有较多的缓存。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--108" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 6. 脏数据（kbdirty）平均64.6MB（64628 KB），在可接受范围（通常不会立即影响性能）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--109" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 7. kbcommit（当前工作负载所需内存）平均22.2GB（22197908 KB），占总内存（物理内存+交换空间）的61.17%。这意味着如果所有应用程序都要求最大内存，那么需要22.2GB，而当前物理内存32.5GB，加上交换空间（假设有），所以61.17%的占用率并不危险。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--110" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--111" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 注意：%commit的计算基数是物理内存+交换空间的总和。假设交换空间为0，那么%commit=22197908/32511328≈68.2%，但实际%commit平均为61.17%，所以说明有交换空间（swap）存在。设总内存+交换空间为S，则：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--112" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 22197908 / S = 0.6117 =&gt; S = 22197908 / 0.6117 ≈ 36,288,000 KB（约36.3GB）</span>

<div id="bkmrk--113" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 那么交换空间 = S - 物理内存 = 36.3GB - 32.5GB = 3.8GB。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--114" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--115" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 结论：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--116" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> - 内存使用情况：物理内存使用率平均34.75%，说明有大量空闲内存（实际上被用于缓存，所以可用内存有19.1GB）。系统内存充足。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--117" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> - 缓存使用较多（平均13.5GB），这是正常现象，可以提高系统性能。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--118" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> - 交换空间使用情况：从%commit来看，虽然工作负载需要22.2GB内存，但物理内存有32.5GB，所以应该不会用到交换空间（或者很少）。我们可以通过sar -W（页面交换统计）来确认，但这里没有提供。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--119" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--120" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 整体来看，系统在监控时间段内（20:00-24:00）运行状态良好，CPU空闲率高，内存充足，没有明显的I/O等待。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--121" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><div id="bkmrk--122" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 建议：</span>

<div id="bkmrk--123" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 1. 由于CPU大部分时间空闲，可以考虑增加应用负载或优化应用以利用空闲CPU。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--124" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 2. 内存充足，可以考虑减少交换空间（如果配置过大）或者将部分内存用于其他服务（如缓存服务）。</span>

<div id="bkmrk--125" style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; height: 6px;">  
</div><span style="color: rgb(139, 139, 139); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Noto Sans', Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Oxygen, 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> 3. 监控I/O等待虽然低，但如果有应用性能问题，可以进一步检查磁盘I/O（使用sar -d）和网络状况。</span>